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The state of the Caspian Sea ecosystems causes serious concern due to anthropogenic (oil and gas production and transportation)  and  natural  reasons  (climatic  changes,  extreme  meteorological  and  hydrological  phenomena, natural hazards and their frequency ofrecurrence, etc.). Climatic changes have already led to a sharp drop in the Caspian Sea level, an increase in sea surface temperature, changes in ice conditions in the Northern Caspian, the intensity of phytoplankton blooms, especially in the Southern Caspian, an increase in turbidity in coastal areas due to river runoff, and changes in the frequency and intensity of wind patterns.  As a rule, such phenomena have a significant specific (more often negative) impact on the natural systems and infrastructure of the coastal zone. To understand the current state and climatic changes in the main parameters of the marine environment in the Caspian Sea  and  to  carry  out  its  comprehensive  analysis,  it  is  necessary  to  use  remote  sensing  data  and  to  determine correctlydifferent environmental parameters. Our experience shows that  in many cases standard algorithms for retrieval of these parameters from the remote sensing data that are elaborated, calibrated and validated for the open ocean conditions, are not valid for inland seas which have their own specific physico-geographical, oceanographic and meteorological conditions. The paper presents a review of new algorithms and techniques developed during the  past  decade  for  correct  retrieval  of  sea  surface  temperature,  water  turbidity,  suspended  particulate  matter concentration, as well as determination of ice cover, river plumes, and wind surge areas based first of all on Ocean Color  Data:  MSI  Sentinel-2A, -2B;  OLI/TIRS  Landsat-8  and  OLI-2/TIRS-2  Landsat-9.  These  algorithmshave been introduced into the specialized information and analytical system “See the Caspian Sea” (STCS), designed for collecting, analyzing and visualizing satellite and meteorological data for the Caspian Sea region.