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Development  of  the  methods  for  crops  grow  operative  monitoring  and  forecasting  of  the  grain  quality  using  Earth  observation data is an important scientific task. An assumption on the existence of strong relationships between satellite measurements of winter wheat crops reflectance and their grain quality is based on known correlations with nitrogen supply to the plants, as well as the link between nitrogen and chlorophyll contents, and also between the chlorophyll concentration and the values of the normalized difference vegetation index NDVI. An analysis of data on winter wheat grain quality in the Stavropol region for the period 2003–2016 and regular crops NDVI measurements using MODIS instrument has shown that at different winter wheat development phases, there is an inverse relationship between the NDVI  values  and  the  high-quality  grain  share  in  the  crop  gross  production.  At  the  same  time,  a  strong  relationship  (R  =  –0.82)  between  the  winter  wheat  NDVI  measurements  at  the  grain  formation  phase  and  the  grain  quality  has  been observed. The statistically significant correlation is also shown between the winter wheat grain quality and NDVI measured at the 10 th  and 22 nd  calendar weeks of a year.