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Real resolutions of remote sensing data and data processing instruments are examined. An idea of “effective resolution” is introduced. Data effective resolution characterizes the size of the smallest features that are really present in these data. Data processing instrument effective resolution characterizes the size of the smallest features that could be really detected by that very instrument. Examples of the effective resolution estimation and applications are provided. It is demonstrated how to compare data and instrument effective resolutions and how to detect the smallest data features that are not “seen” by the instrument. An example of those parameters usage in the multiscale relief elements statistical investigation is presented. In the investigation, the mean relief elements orientation is measured for the relief elements. Orientations of the different size (scale) relief elements are compared. Sometimes, small data scale change leads to a significant change - “jump” - in orientation. We are primarily in terested in those “special scales”, passing to which is much more often accompanied by such jumps, compared to passing to other scales. In our research, a digital terrain map of the Earth surface (SRTM) and that of the Moon surface (GLD-100) were analyzed using the LESSA software (Lineament Extraction and Stripe Statistical Analysis).